Chapel Dedicated To The Birth of HORUS - Denderah-Hathor

 A chapel devoted to Horus to celebrate the new rein , of Augustus.


The temple of Hathor was constructed over a period, we believe, of thirty-four years, between 54 and 20 BC. When Ptolemy XII died in 51 BC, the temple was, after four years of building activity, still in its early stages, although it did contain some underground crypts. It seems that the remainder of the temple was build during the twenty-one year reign of his successor, Queen Cleopatra VII. At the time of her death in 30 BC, the decoration work had just begun (on the outer rear wall).

Horus, 

Ihy was a young god personifying the jubilation emanating from the sacred rattle.

 

The name of Ihy was interpreted by the Egyptians as "sistrum-player" which was the raison d'etre of this god. The sistrum was a cultic musical instrument used primarily (but not exclusively) in the worship of Hathor, mother of Ihy. He can hold the sacred rattle and necklace (menat).

=====================

Its scenes depict Trajan, Augustus' later successor, making offerings to Hathor, and are among the finest to be found in Egypt. It was the ritual location where Hathor gave birth to the young Ihy or Harsomtus, two alternative youthful deities who stand for the youthful phase of creator gods in general. There are also, of course, figures of the god Bes, a patron of childbirth, carved on the abaci above the column capitals. The reliefs on the exterior walls are superbly preserved, and portray the divine birth and childhood of the infant Horus, whose rites legitimize the divine descent of the king.

The temple plan is classical Egyptian, completely enclosed by a 35 by 59 meter wall standing 12.5 meters high. However, unlike those of earlier temples, the facade of the hypostyle hall that fronts the main temple is constructed as a low screen with inter-columnar walls exposing the hall's ceiling and the Hathor style sistrum capitals of its 24 columns. According to a dedication inscription on the cornice thickness above the entrance,  this part of the temple was built under Tiberius between 34 and 35 AD. The structure measures 26.03 by 43 meters and is 17.2 meters high. It has an 8 meter long architrave that spans the central intercolumniation. Above, a towering cavetto, built from one course, and the massive volume of the corner tori cast heavy shadows and articulate the edges of the facade.



The main temple area is fronted by several Roman Period kiosks. After those, the monumental gateway of Domitian and Trajan is set in a massive mud-brick enclosure wall that surrounded the complex, and leads to an open area. Although the site lacks a colonnade and the two pylons which ought to precede the inner temple, an unfinished inner enclosure wall of stone surrounds a courtyard with side entrances which open before the large hypostyle hall added in the 1st century AD by the emperor Tiberius.

However, prior to the temple proper is the Roman Period birth house of Dendera on the west, perhaps built by Nero, though more probably by Trajan. Although the dedication inscriptions refer to Trajan, Nero is depicted in the main hypostyle hall of the of the Hathor temple, offering the model of a birth house. This is the latest preserved temple of its type.

The new sanctuary was well designed and followed Ptolemaic models. In order to match the level of the Hathor temple, the new building was erected on a high platform. A temporary access staircase led up at the side of the platform. The roofing slabs were not positioned, as usual, beneath the level of the cavetto molding around the buildings top, but would have probably been hidden by a parapet wall.

The core building contains a sequence of three rooms. Two corridors that isolate the large sanctuary are notable. These passages are too narrow to be used and must have been added for symbolic and optical effect. The rear wall of the sanctuary is dominated by an enormous false door that is framed by a double cavetto molding on slender columns and topped by an uraeus frieze. A cult niche high up in the wall corresponds to the location of the statue niche in the sanctuary of the main temple.


The birth house was surrounded by an ambulatory. The composite capitals of the columns carry high pillars with Bes figures. The frontal ambulatory extended by the addition of three columns into a kind of kiosk, with the front corners formed by L-shaped pillars. The kiosk had a timbered roof that somehow must have connected to the stone structure of the birth house. This merging of the ambulatory with a kiosk is a novelty. At older birth houses, a court was attached as a separate structure.


The main temple at Dendera is the grandest and most elaborately decorated of its period. It is also one of the most important temple sites of Egypt, providing examples of a rich variety of later temple features. It is also one of the best preserved temples of this period, surviving despite the destruction of the temples of Hathor's consort Horus and their child Ihy or Harsomtus which originally stood close by.

The massive foundations probably contain many blocks from the earlier structure it replaced. Early texts refer to a temple at Dendera which was rebuilt during the Old Kingdom, and several New Kingdom monarchs, including Tuthmosis III, Amenhotep III and Ramesses II and III are known to have embellished the structure. However, while fragments of earlier periods have been found on the site, there have been no earlier buildings unearthed. Pepi I and Tuthmosis III in particular were recalled in the new temple's inscriptions.

The temple of Hathor was constructed over a period, we believe, of thirty-four years, between 54 and 20 BC. When Ptolemy XII died in 51 BC, the temple was, after four years of building activity, still in its early stages, although it did contain some underground crypts. It seems that the remainder of the temple was build during the twenty-one year reign of his successor, Queen Cleopatra VII. At the time of her death in 30 BC, the decoration work had just begun (on the outer rear wall).

The temple plan is classical Egyptian, completely enclosed by a 35 by 59 meter wall standing 12.5 meters high. However, unlike those of earlier temples, the facade of the hypostyle hall that fronts the main temple is constructed as a low screen with inter-columnar walls exposing the hall's ceiling and the Hathor style sistrum capitals of its 24 columns. According to a dedication inscription on the cornice thickness above the entrance,  this part of the temple was built under Tiberius between 34 and 35 AD. The structure measures 26.03 by 43 meters and is 17.2 meters high. It has an 8 meter long architrave that spans the central intercolumniation. Above, a towering cavetto, built from one course, and the massive volume of the corner tori cast heavy shadows and articulate the edges of the facade.



The Roman Birth House (mammisi) was built when the earlier structure, begun by Nectanebo I and decorated in the Ptolemaic Period, was cut through by the foundation of the unfinished first court of the main temple of Hathor. Only a false door at the eastern exterior wall of the main temple of Hathor reminds one of the original sanctuary. Originally, this birth house measured about 17 by 20 meters and consisted of a triple shrine opening to a transverse hall. It was built mainly of brick but received an interior stone casing. Within this older structure, the walls of the wide hall depict the Ptolemaic kings offering to Hathor. A scene on the north wall shows the creator god Khnum fashioning the child, Ihy, with Hekat the goddess of childbirth seen in her image as a frog.

Both birth houses are now accessible. They differ considerably in plan and decoration.

Between the new and old birth houses are the remains of a Christian basilica that can be dated to the 5th century AD. It is an excellent example representative of early Coptic church architecture.

High Relief of Bes in the forecourt of the temple at Dendera

South of the earlier birth house is a mud-brick "sanatorium.. This sanatorium is the only one of its type known in association with an ancient Egyptian temple. Here, visitors could bathe in the sacred waters or spend the night in order to have a healing dream of the goddess. It had benches around its sides where the sick rested while waiting for cures affected by the priests. An inscription on a statue base found in this location suggests that water was poured over magical texts on the statues, causing it to become holy and to cure all sorts of diseases and illnesses. Basins used to collect the holy water can still be seen at the western end.

OPHIUCHUS: Denderah 13th Zodiac Sign

Ophiuchus - Was the 13th sign in the Egyptian Zodiac.

Orion / Osiris /Asar is known by...  SAH.
His wife Sirius / Aset / Isis is known by Sepedet.

====================================

Denderah ancient star chart holds the key to unlocking the knowledge of the future. The Giza Monuments holds an important element of astronomy.

=======================================================

In one of the sub-terrain grids, hieroglyphics were found. That would demonstrate, it was reconstructed exactly following the ancient plans and designs, from ancient wise priest "Imhotep".

======================================================

Denderah mimics the sky directly above it's great alignment. Some say, even the future of 2012. In our move into the Pisces age, (which we are in).

Originally, there were 13 zodiac signs, why was it mysteriously dropped from the zodiac?
Especially when it's dead center of the Milky Way.

Denderah the Dawn of Astronomy

========================

Kemetic Culture shaped around a series of religious temples, in carefully chosen sites along the Nile.

(Temple of Philae), (Temple of Karnak)

For the Egyptian priest, called Kabirim or heaven measurer's, set up the temple as a telescope.
They believed, all forms of the universe grow outward, and needed a container to protect their development.

The temples were the receptacles that allowed the development of their civilization.

Each temple manifested a different kind of understanding of the universe. A different fundamental principle, and was used to communicate it to the people to produce an evolution of conscienceness.
==============

Each temple played a role in the organ in the country body, with a different function. Devoted to teaching and exploring, a different religious topic. In that way they understood the "house of god".

=============

They used the constellation's of stars to define the cycle of revelation to their people of the divine information gathered by generations of priests.

===========

The Great Pyramid of Giza shows the significance of the N. Pole star, a Southern
 star that appears to rise and set. The big dipper is called Knerpesh. And depicted as a bull severed thigh, or a curved sword.

These are called indestructible stars, because they never set.
Little dipper is in the shape of... Adze-tool used in "The Opening of the Mouth Ceremony".

Adze-tool on the table, as well being used in the ceremony.
==========


Analysis of the zodiac, the ancient Egyptians understood the precession of the equinoxes.

 Ra in his boat  - was a celestial symbol as well, not just a symbol of the physical sun.

That myth of the number 13 being bad luck, is just to steer you from the facts. That fact is, Ophiuchus is the constellation of  "Ra Sun Deity".
=========================



Flooding of the Nile:
==============

Alpha Draco, would appear over the axis of the planet. 4320 years after, was replaced by Polaris, the one that currently guides our navigators.

Movement of our solar system and it's revolution around in the center of  galaxy determines, that during that cycle of 25,920 years, 6 different stars would shine over the N. pole. The star over the pole represented the fundamental motherly force of the sky. The generator of the substance that allowed the development of life in the universe. Feminine principle called Hatter, by which the temple of Hathor was erected.

The Pharaoh and supreme priest oriented a line between two stakes towards Alpha Draconis.
The Priestess with a gold mallet nailed the stakes, lining up to the direction of the temple axis. They set the 4 corner stones to begin the protective wall complex.

 That same night located west, they located another star, at 90 degrees to the previous one. They called it Sirius, and was the symbol of Isis in the sky. In her honor they built a second temple, with its axis with it's second door in the wall of the complex, aligned in the star directions.

The door of the temple of Isis framed the sector of the sky, where Sirius rose, with the sun trailing her appeared on each 21st day of June day of the (summer solstice.).

The temple grew inside the high walls, while the priest recorded the movement of the stars, study the processes compelled by their energies, carved on stone walls, and recorded the conclusions of that sacred topic.

Sirius - the symbol of Isis was called the dog star, because it follows the Orion constellation, impersonation of Osiris in the sky. After being hidden 120 days , it appeared over the horizon marking the moment when the Nile begin to over flow. It was then visible for 40 days, the same the flood lasted.

=======================================================
Sankofa* - ( Could this be where the flood in the scriptures was taken from? 
The duration of the Nile flooding for 40 days?)
==================================

Because of this Sirius was very important. and was used to divide the year in 3 periods called textraments determined by the flood of the Nile.

The new year festivities begin when the Nile over flowed and Sirius reappeared in the sky, once the star disappeared the river recovered it's normal level. The calendar and Egyptian life was so important that the Pharaoh had to promise not to change it.

The priest also use the sun as a cloth, to determine the duration of the year. Since the summer solstice happens at the same time of the reappearance of Sirius.

 =========================

Intensive study into Denderah from the Temple of Hathor, Het, Heru, will reveal the truth.

In the center of Denderah, zodiac, the great Mother Goddess Tauret the hippopotamus, she is key to the mystery. Tauret  means - Old Great Land.  Tauret her head (cepheus) she is large in form, and represents the stars of Draco,  (shoulder and arms) and Cepheus (head and bootes) feet and sword.
(NILE).



Star Scorpio , Sagittarius - are directly 180 degrees from Orion, (Canis major) (Sirius) and Taurus (Pleiades)
Beetlegeise ( beetle juice). This means that Ra / and Orion are twins, that share the same soul between them.


Bennu Astronomy:
=============


The bennu bird hieroglyphics says...Asar rests in Ra and Ra rests in Asar.

Modern science has proven that the center of the Milky Way (Nile) galaxy is in Ophiuchus. Our ancestors had already told us this; along with the stellar forces.

Bennu is a cosmic force, that comes from Ophiuchus / Ra, and travels the Milky Way / Nile to Orion / Asar.

On the ground, Giza and Saqqara was called Orion / Asar, and Abydos was Ophiuchus. There were Bennu (phoenix) cemeteries in two cities. What is the Bennu you may ask? It was Nibiru called by our ancestors.

Ethiopia -  'Land of the gods" - The rain occurred when the Orion  /  Asar star is rising with the Aten (Sun Disk). Flooding of the Nile Valley occurred when the star of Sirius / Aset is rising with the Aten.

The Kabirim (Priest, Astronomer, Astrologer),  of Bennu order have calculated the rising of Sirius / Sepedet.
To the 40th latitude. At this latitude Sirius  / Sepedet rises with Aten on July 25th yearly.


=============================================
Note:  There are actually 37 original decans  - 10 x 36 = 360.
So the 37th decans presides over the 5 days of the year.
=============================================

Sepedet -  has a value of (0), or (37),  Representing that she is the beginning and the end / alpha / omega.

==============


The bird was primarily associated with Atum and Re, but inevitably, its connection with rebirth came to associate it also with Osiris. In quoting from the Book of the Dead, Wallis Budge quotes a passage that reads,

"I go in like the Hawk, and I come forth like the Bennu, the Morning Star.

(i.e., the planet Venus) of Ra; I am the Bennu which is in Heliopolis" and he goes on to say that the scholion on this passage expressly informs us that the Benu is Osiris. In essence, the Benu was considered a manifestation of the resurrected Osiris.



  On the Denderah stone the Sextant is shown as the maiden Selket holding a bow in her hands under the front paws of the lion. Her arrow is pointed directly over the ruminating Hathor, through the double crown on the head of Horus, through the white crown on the Cocky Man, and directly into the center of the sun disk on the horns of the stiff necked Ram.

It seems that the heavens and the ancients have conspired to hit a "bull's eye" over a period of two thousand cycles of the earth around the sun. Extend the scepter in the hand of Venus to realize that it passes through the boundary between Cancer and Leo to the hand on the bow of the maiden. Try to imagine the improbability of these events. The one acceptable answer is that Love itself defrocked the Mother of us All. 


She guided the progress of civilization during two thousand years of denial of our cosmic umbilical cord, so that she could prove her wisdom to be far superior to any Great Man with assertive intuition. On the stone, Venus guided the hand of the maiden as her arrow was let loose to find its mark in the enlightenment of the stiff necked ram. Two thousand years later, the heavens wrote the same message as Venus (love) returned to steer the stars.



=========

                                       Denderah Zodiac (19th-century engraving)


Its representation of the zodiac in circular form is unique in ancient Egyptian art. More typical are the rectangular zodiacs which decorate the same temple's pronaos.

The celestial arch is represented by a disc held up by four pillars of the sky in the form of women, between which are inserted falcon-headed spirits. On the first ring, 36 spirits symbolize the 360 days of the Egyptian year. 

At the center of the Hathor vignette and the Denderah zodiac is the image of Tauret. She is a pregnant hippopotamus who wears cow horns and a crocodile skin cloak. In the heavens, she is the Sun Dragon, Draco, which marks the north axis of the ecliptic plane. 

The cloak around Draco is the Milky Way. The crocodile can be seen in the Milky Way with an open mouth through which the swan Cygnus, the fox Vulpecula, and the Eagle Aquila are moving. Coming out of the mouth of the crocodile is the end of the tail  of Serpens. Also, within the mouth is the child Antinous, or Horus the son of Isis and Osiris. Like a river crocodile, Tauret protects in the Kingdom of Heaven.

The purpose of Hathor as Mother Nature is to provide the budding life with an opportunity for receiving abundance.

That is the message written in the Denderah monument, the vignette to Hathor, and the Tauroctony of Mithras. Finding the truth in that message is the method of the sacred sciences. 

We can search throughout the whole universe for truth. But, when it comes, it will come from the same places where it had come before. When we listen to the Fables of the Ancients, the future will unfold as a resurrection of the past. That is the mystery of teleology.

These versus put into words what the Denderah architects put into stone. The axis of the Denderah stone is coincident with the axis of the temple. The clear implication is that the temple was designed to be aligned with human knowledge. The one with greater wisdom than the Queen of Sheba is the wife of Thoth, Seshat. Seshat is the Egyptian Fairy Godmother. Her powers of cause and effect for any affectation were legendary before the founding of Egypt. In a temple constructed during Hatshepsut's reign, queen Hatshepsut is shown directing Thoth to go speak to Seshat to find the answers to his questions. Seshat was the origin of all the wisdom of Thoth. 

Seshat is the feminine consort/counterpart/wife of Thoth the Scribe, he who wrote the story/program of humanity's journey through time. She is a Magician, as is Isis, Thoth, Hermes, etc. Seshat bore the title 'Egyptian Fairy Godmother'. Her magic wand, with its seven pointed star, was the symbol which represented the source of all creative ideas, consciousness. Her powers of cause and effect for any affectation were legendary before the founding of Egypt. 

 







  - The Tree Of Life -

Seshat was the essence of cosmic intuition, creating the geometry of the heavens alongside Thoth. In Egyptian mythology, Seshat was originally the deification of the concept of wisdom, and so became a goddess of writing, astronomy, astrology, architecture, and mathematics.

She was known as 'Mistress of the House of Books', indicating that she also took care of Thoth's library of spells and scrolls. She is the patron of libraries and all forms of writing, including census and accounting work. Seshat was the only female that has been found (so far) actually writing.


Seshat was the mistress of measure. Whenever a new project was undertaken, the Egyptian priests enacted the interplay of Seshat at the creation of the cosmos by the ceremony of the stretching of the cord. Her magic wand with its seven pointed star was the symbol which represented the source of all creative ideas. Being wise before Thoth, she was also wise before Solomon. Notice that the Great Man, User-Maat-Re, wears the atef crown in the stretching of cord scene in the adjacent vignette. He is shown on the temple axis as a man with Thoth's atef crown. 


This is the meaning of the Queen of Sheba and her visit with Solomon. Solomon had stretched the cord with Seshat. Solomon's wisdom could only be tested by Seshat, the Queen of Sheba, for she was the first to become inspired and she gave her treasures to Solomon, i.e. User-Maat-Re. It is interesting to note that the name She-ba means feminine spirit in English. Without question, Seshat was the queen of feminine spirits.

The seven messages of Seshat are echoed in the story of the conquest of Jericho by Joshua's seven trips around the wall of the city, and by the seven soundings of trumpets. When any initiate can make the victory sound for understanding each of the seven sacred spirits, the complete Wall of the Ruler will come tumbling down. The four elements and the three ingredients for communication are the seven points on Seshat's wand. 

These seven are demonstrated at the boundaries of Aries and Pisces and Capricorn and Sagittarius on the Denderah.

============

Here we recognize in the modern Judeo-Christian scriptures a principle reflected in the Denderah stone. When the Queen of Sheba visited Solomon (sun-man, Great Ruler) she brought the power of intuition. After Solomon, the flower of woman's intuition was no longer admired. This is recorded in the words of I Kings, and on the whole east side of the disk of the Denderah stone.

===========

I Kings 10:1-5 

1  And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning the name of the LORD, she   came to prove him with hard questions.
2  And she came to Jerusalem with a very great train, with camels that bare spices, and very much gold, and precious stones: and when she was come to Solomon, she communed with him of all that was in her heart.
3  And Solomon told her all her questions: there was not any thing hid from the king, which he told her not.
4  And when the queen of Sheba had seen all Solomon's wisdom, and the house that he had built,
5  And the meat of his table, and the sitting of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers, and their apparel, and his cup bearers, and his ascent by which he went up unto the house of the LORD; there was no more spirit in her.

================

When it had come to pass that "there was no more spirit in her," Western Civilization crossed that boundary which is the deflowering of motherhood, and the loss of belief in fairy godmothers. The altar of four serpents became an altar of four rams. The Denderah stone tells us why.

The scriptures keep the reason a secret, and imply that the use of intuition had no more value. All that was worthy of being known had already been learned, and the time for controlling action was at hand. Western Civilization had matured to the point where it had to attempt to make it on the record at hand; the Book of Life. This is the stage of adolescence. The consciousness of Western Civilization marched to a different drum beat as it began to be about its Father's Business.

The Great Man's umbilical cord to Seshat, which is Western Culture, has now broken away, and it is time to get back to truthful cosmic consciousness once more. Capricorn has the spirit name "I Use." During the application of man made material laws and the implementation of his "order of law," the goddess of intuition makes her meaning clearly understood. When our laws fail us, we must resort to creative solutions. These always come to us by gut feel, or intuition, which are in the wand of Seshat, and the hands of Osiris-Seker, Sculptor.


Source:
Denderah Zodiac and the Solar Eclipse on August 11, 1999

============

Serpent Holder

============

The serpent holder ( as it was known as) bearing the thirteenth position, could have been feared taboo along with the man holding the serpent.

Ophiuchus holding the serpent, Serpens, as depicted in Urania's Mirror, a set of constellation cards published in London c.1825. Above the tail of the serpent is the now-obsolete constellation Taurus Poniatovii while below it is Scutum.

 

On the Denderah stone, the planet Saturn stands between Libra and Virgo. When the monument was designed the existence of the planet Pluto was not known. Saturn was recognized by the ancients as the "Ancient of Days." Thus, Saturn's position defines a Last Judgment. During the eclipse of August 11, 1999, the planet Pluto was located under the hand of Ophiuchus nearest Libra. This is the location of the hand of Ra holding the scepter on the Denderah stone between Scorpio and Libra. 

The position of Mars at the apex of the balance in Libra on August 11, 1999 tells us that it is the rational aspects of the cosmos that are on trial in the hall of the last judgment. The decision to be made is whether the rational being will be born to a new truth, or will it descend to the valley of shadows with a chance to dream a new dream in the dungeon of the Cosmic King. 

 

The decision has two possible outcomes, as shown at Libra. One leads to the jackal at the hand of Tauret. This is a return to the material source scenario, for she represents the material aspects of motherhood in the solar system and the galaxy. It is the path of starting from the beginning, again. 

The second outcome is through Virgo who shows the way with the light of wisdom (Mercury) held toward the Kingdom of Heaven. This route will result in no more judgments, for it passes through the "ancient of days." Being born of the Virgin will lead the child on the balance to become a Prince of Peace in the Kingdom of Heaven. 

In front of Leo and on top of the Cow of Hathor, which symbolizes Mother Earth, stands the icon of Jupiter. The implication is that the Prince of Peace will become the Ruler of an abundant World, for Taurus on the other side of Jupiter is looking toward the Lion with a beckoning glance.

===============


The sculptured Dendera zodiac (or Denderah zodiac) is a widely known Egyptian bas-relief from the ceiling of the pronaos (or portico) of a chapel dedicated to Osiris in the Hathor temple at Dendera, containing images of Taurus (the bull) and the Libra (the scales).

 

The zodiac is a planisphere or map of the stars on a plane projection, showing the 12 constellations of the zodiacal band forming 36 decans of ten days each, and the planets. These decans are groups of first-magnitude stars. These were used in the ancient Egyptian calendar, which was based on lunar cycles of around 30 days and on the heliacal rising of the star Sothis (Sirius).

57 Ancient Tombs With Mummies Unearthed in Egypt

Members of an excavation team work near the remains of an ancient sarcophagus base at the site of an ancient pyramid in Saqqara in the southern outskirts of modern Cairo on June 5, 2008.

The Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities on Sunday, May 23, 2010, shows a painted wooden sarcophagus discovered in Lahoun, near Fayoum, some 70 miles (100 kilometers) south of Cairo, in Egypt.
==============================================================


The Supreme Council of Antiquities says archeologists have unearthed 57 ancient Egyptian tombs, most of them containing a painted wooden sarcophagus with a mummy inside, with the oldest tombs dating back to around 2750 B.C. and twelve of the tombs belonging to the 18th dynasty which ruled Egypt during the second millennium B.C. (AP Photo/Supreme Council of Antiquities)


=====================================



CAIRO — Archeologists have unearthed 57 ancient Egyptian tombs, most of them containing a painted wooden sarcophagus with a mummy inside.

The Supreme Council of Antiquities says the oldest tombs date back to around 2750 B.C. Twelve of the tombs belong the 18th dynasty which ruled Egypt during the second millennium B.C.

It says the discovery throws new light on Egypt's ancient religions.

Council chief Zahi Hawass says the mummies are covered in linen decorated with religious texts from the Book of the Dead and scenes featuring ancient Egyptian deities.

The council said in a statement Sunday the findings were unearthed at Lahoun, in Fayoum, some 70 miles (100 kilometers) south of Cairo.

Last year, some 53 stone tombs dating back to various ancient periods were found in the area.



SOURCE:
=============================

The Associated Press: 57 ancient tombs with mummies unearthed in Egypt


=============================

Mummified Baboons in British Museum May Reveal Location of the Land of Punt

Throughout their history the ancient Egyptians recorded making voyages to a place called the 'Land of Punt'. To the Egyptians it was a far-off source of exotic animals and valuable goods.

From there they brought back perfumes, panther skins, electrum, and, yes, live baboons to keep as pets. The voyages started as early as the Old Kingdom, ca. 4,500 years ago, and continued until just after the collapse of the New Kingdom 3,000 years ago.

Egyptologists have long argued about the location of Punt. The presence of perfumes suggests that it was located somewhere in Arabia, such as Yemen. However the depiction of a giraffe, at a temple built by Queen Hatshepsut, tells archaeologists that Punt is likely somewhere in Africa – perhaps around Ethiopia, Eritrea or Somalia.







The various parts of the temple


(top picture you can see the remains of the Mortuary temple of Mentuhotep II (11th Dynasty).


There are even suggestions that it could be further south on the African coastline, perhaps as far as Mozambique.

The surviving Egyptian texts give only vague references to its location. An example below records a voyage sponsored by the Pharaoh Ramesses III. Author Pierre Grandet wrote:

I built great ships ... which were equipped with countless crewmen. Laden with products beyond number from Egypt ... (and then) sent to the great Sea of Muqed, they reached the mountains of Punt without any misfortune befalling them.








"The loading of the ships very heavily with the marvels from the land of Punt; all goodly fragrant woods, heaps of myrrh-resin, with fresh myrrh trees, with ebony and pure ivory, with green gold of Amu, with cinnamon-wood, khesyt-wood, with ahmut-incense, senter-incense, eye cosmetic, with apes, monkeys, dogs, with skins of the southern panther, and with natives and their children"

Other scenes then show the boats on their triumphant return to Egypt, thirty-one incense trees have been brought safely back along with cattle, incense leaves, skins, chests of gold, panthers, and other animals along with silver, lazuli, malachite and other precious stones.










=========
Finding Punt
=========

To solve the mystery of where Punt was, a team of scientists is turning to two mummified baboons in the British Museum. They date back about 3,000 years, a time when Egyptians were voyaging to Punt and acquiring the animals as pets.

One was found at Thebes and the other in the Valley of the Kings.


Photo by William Warby. An Olive Baboon from Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. CC Attribution 2.0 Generic The team is conducting oxygen isotope tests on the preserved hairs of the baboons. Oxygen isotopes act as a 'signal' that can tell scientists where an animal is from.

“We have hair samples from the older mummified ones in the British Museum and depending on how the results look the curators are willing to give us bone samples,” said Nathaniel Dominy of University of California Santa Cruz, who is a member of the team doing the work.

He said that bone is better for this test than hair because it grows slower and keeps its original oxygen isotope signature longer.

To aid in narrowing down the location of Punt the team is also performing oxygen isotope tests on samples of modern day baboons from Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Yemen, Uganda and Mozambique. If the oxygen isotope signatures of these baboons match their ancient counterparts the team will know where Punt was.




The Risks
“There’s a little bit of risk with this project,” Professor Dominy said.

He explained that the Egyptians were importing baboons from Punt to keep as exotic pets. This poses a problem since the longer an animal stays in Egypt and consumes the local diet, the more its oxygen isotope value changes.




==============
Baboons of the Ptolemies
==============

The team will also be analyzing the hair of baboons that date from the Ptolemaic Period. This is a time in Egypt's history that runs from its conquest by Alexander the Great in 332 BC, to the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC.

The team will be using baboons from the Petrie Museum in University College London. While this work will tell archaeologists where the Ptolemies were getting their baboons, it isn’t likely to reveal the location of Punt. “The New Kingdom expeditions to Punt had largely diminished by that point,” said Dominy.

If all goes well the team hopes to have some initial results by April 23 - the start of an academic conference being held by the American Research Center in Egypt (ARCE). Professor Dominy said that these first results may not yield the location of Punt but “at minimum we can reject some places.”










===========================


At times Punt is referred to as Ta netjer, the "land of the god".



The exact location of Punt remains a mystery. Most scholars today believe Punt was located to the south-east of Egypt, most likely on the coast of the Horn of Africa in what is today Eritrea and eastern Sudan. However some scholars point instead to a range of ancient inscriptions which locate Punt in Arabia.
Egyptian expeditions to Punt

Egyptian soldiers from Hatshepsut's Year 9 expedition to the Land of Punt as depicted from her temple at Deir el-Bahri.
This relief depicts incense and myrrh trees obtained by Hatshepsut's expedition to PuntThe earliest recorded Egyptian expedition to Punt was organized by Pharaoh Sahure of the Fifth Dynasty (25th century BC) although gold from Punt is recorded as having been in Egypt in the time of king Khufu of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt.

Subsequently, there were more expeditions to Punt in the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt, the Eleventh dynasty of Egypt, the Twelfth dynasty of Egypt and the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt. In the Twelfth dynasty of Egypt, trade with Punt was celebrated in popular literature in the "Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor"






"Arriving at the goodly way into God's Land, journeying in peace to the land of Punt".





Once the Egyptians land, a force of soldiers carrying spears, axes and shields are made ready in case of attack.The Egyptians have also brought with them some items to trade (strings of beads, an axe, a dagger, some bracelets and a wooden chest. The people of Punt welcome the Egyptians warmly, the Chief of Punt - Parahu - steps forward to meet the Egyptian officer (Parahu's wife is shown behind him, many different explanantions have been offered to explain her strange appearance ranging from suffering from a disease to being overweight), two sons and a servant drive along a donkey which the queen, Parahu's wife, sometimes rides:
===============







In a festival scene, soldiers run forward carrying branches of trees along with their axes.





Egyptian expeditions to Punt
=================


Egyptian soldiers from Hatshepsut's Year 9 expedition to the Land of Punt as depicted from her temple at Deir el-Bahri.
This relief depicts incense and myrrh trees obtained by Hatshepsut's expedition to PuntThe earliest recorded Egyptian expedition to Punt was organized by Pharaoh Sahure of the Fifth Dynasty (25th century BC) although gold from Punt is recorded as having been in Egypt in the time of king Khufu of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt.

Subsequently, there were more expeditions to Punt in the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt, the Eleventh dynasty of Egypt, the Twelfth dynasty of Egypt and the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt. In the Twelfth dynasty of Egypt, trade with Punt was celebrated in popular literature in the "Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor"









The ships are shown, the baskets are being carried on board by the soldiers - along with many other items ( including a baboon, and trees in pots):


===========

In the reign of Mentuhotep III (around 1950 BC), an officer named Hannu organized one or more voyages to Punt, but it is uncertain whether he traveled on these expeditions. Trading missions of the 12th dynasty pharaohs Senusret I and Amenemhat II had also successfully navigated their way to and from the mysterious land of Punt.



Mummified Baboons in British Museum May Reveal Location of the Land of Punt Heritage Key

Education In Ancient KMT

In ancient Egypt, parents would instill in their children various educational principles, moral attitudes, and views of life from a tender age. They would receive their basic education in the bosom of the family.

This was about all of the schooling that girls would get; for boys it would be supplemented by proper training in whatever line they chose, or was chosen for them. Ancient Egyptian education covered both the general upbringing of a child and their training for a particular vocation.



The up bringing of boys was left mostly in the hands of their fathers; the mothers were responsible for the upbringing of the girls. Parents made their children familiar with their ideas about the world, with their religious outlook, with their ethical principles, with correct behavior toward others and toward the super-natural beings whom everyone believed in. They taught them about folk rituals and so forth. The educational principles of ancient Egypt were written on papyrus commonly known as the Books of Instruction.








The advice given in these "books" was designed to make sure of personal success in agreement with the needs of the state and the moral conduct of the day. It was better to tell the truth and be fair and honest than lie and do the wrong thing because the consequences would be terrible.


The Books of Instruction had rules for the well-ordered life and elements of morality that include justice, wisdom, obedience, humanity and restraint. The books mostly took the form of verses addressed by a father to his son as he stepped into his shoes or started to help his aging.


Most of these books were put together by senior officials. Many copies of these scrolls have been made since they also served as teaching texts in the schools for scribes.


In Ancient Egypt the child's world was not as clearly separated from the adults as it tends to be in modern Western society. As the years went by, childish pastimes would give way to imitations of grown-up behavior.


Children would more and more frequently be found lending a hand with the less difficult tasks and gradually developing useful skills and knowledge from their elders.

Mothers belonging to lower class families would do this job themselves. Wealthier families usually tasked servants to tend the daily needs of the children. Primary education for the children was provided at home. When they have been deemed as able by their fathers, they would serve as apprentices, accompanying their fathers as they worked to learn the trade.

Children would wake up to join their fathers out in the crop fields. Builders and other sorts of craftsmen would have their male offspring serve as helper- apprentices. The more privileged children of Ancient Egypt had the option of receiving a formal education; to eventually become a scribe, or an army officer in the royal service.

Bibliography



===================


Historians of philosophy; have said to begin their story with the Greeks. The Hindus, who believe that they invented philosophy, and the Chinese, who believe that they perfected it, smile at our provincialism.
===================

It may be that we are all mistaken;

For among the most ancient fragments left to us by the Egyptians are writings that belong, however loosely and untechnically, under the rubric of moral philosophy.



The wisdom of the Egyptians was a proverb with the Greeks, who felt themselves children beside this ancient race.


===========================================================

The oldest work of philosophy known to us is the "Instructions of Ptah-hotep," which apparently goes back to 2880 B.C.—2300 years before Confucius, Socrates and Buddha.
===========================================================









Ptah-hotep was Governor of Memphis
===============

Ptah-hotep was Governor of Memphis, and Prime Minister to the King, under the Fifth Dynasty. Retiring from office, he decided to leave to his son a manual of everlasting wisdom.


It was transcribed as an antique classic by some scholars prior to the Eighteenth Dynasty.

The Vizier begins:


"O Prince my Lord, the end of life is at hand; old age descended! upon me; feebleness cometh and childishness is renewed; he that is old lieth down in misery every day.

The eyes are small, the ears are deaf. Energy is diminished, the heart hath no rest. Command thy servant, therefore, to make over my princely authority to my son. Let me speak unto him the words of them that hearken to the counsel of the men of old time, those that once heard the gods.

I pray thee, let this thing be done. His Gracious Majesty grants the permission, advising him, however, to discourse without causing weariness advice not yet superfluous for philosophers."


Where Upon Ptah-hotep Instructs his son:


"Be not proud because thou art learned; but discourse with the ignorant man as with the sage. For no limit can be set to skill, neither is there any craftsman that possesseth full advantages.

Fair speech is more rare than the emerald that is found by slave-maidens among the pebbles. Live, therefore, in the house of kindliness, and men shall come and give gifts of themselves. Beware of making enmity by thy words.

Overstep not the truth, neither repeat that which any man, be he prince or peasant, saith in opening the heart; it is abhorrent to the soul.


If thou wouldst be a wise man, beget a son for the pleasing of the god. If he make straight his course after thine example, if he ar¬range thine affairs in due order, do all unto him that is good.

If he be heedless and trespass thy rules of conduct, and is violent; if every speech that cometh from his mouth is a vile word; then beat thou him, that his talk may be fitting. Precious to a man is the virtue of his son, and good character is a thing remembered.

Wheresoever thou goest, beware of consorting with women. If thou wouldst be wise, provide for thine house, and love thy wife that is in thine arms. Silence is more profitable to thee than abundance of speech. Consider how thou mayest be opposed by an expert that speaketh in council. It is a foolish thing to speak on every kind of work.


If thou be powerful make thyself to be honored for knowledge and for gentleness. Beware of interruption, and of answering words with heat; put it from thee; control thyself."



And Ptah-hotep concludes with Horatian pride:


"Nor shall any word that hath here been set down cease out of this land forever, but shall be made a pattern whereby princes shall speak well.

My words shall instruct a man how he shall speak; yea, he shall become as one skillful in obeying, excellent in speaking. Good fortune shall befall him; he shall be gracious until the end of his life; he shall be contented always."



This note of good cheer does not persist in Egyptian thought; age comes upon it quickly, it sours.




=============
William Henry



In this landmark workshop William Henry turns to myths as “time capsules” describing human anatomy and the means to release spiritual abilities.

Following the As Above. So Below formula, he reveals advanced ancient scientific knowledge about the Soul, the Self and the body (including DNA) encoded in myth.


• Learn the ancient secrets of DNA.



William says the secrets of our mystic anatomy explains the perennial popularity of certain stories and why certain myths ‘hit home. And why the more ancient the myth, the more often do parts of the human body play an explicit role.

Among the great masters whose hidden teachings reveal the secrets of mystic anatomy are Pythagoras, Jesus, Isis, and Ptah (pronounced PA-TAH), the Great Physician of ancient Egypt whose hieroglyph contained a double helix of DNA.




Ptah: the Great Physician







=============

Among the most fundamental spiritual anatomy myths William presents are:

• How our kidney’s perform Jesus’ miracle of turning water into wine every moment of our life.

• How Jacob’s ladder to Heaven finds a fascinating parallel with the retina of the eye. The retina consists of ten layers. Nine have Latin medical names. The tenth is called ‘Jacob’s Layer’. Learn the spiritual function to this part of the eye.

• In another famous story Jacob saw God face to face at a place called Peniel. The pineal gland is considered the ‘god part’ of the brain. What coded message concerning the brain’s mysterious pineal gland lays concealed within this story.


================
Understanding these and other myths and scripture is an investigation of the human body’s healing consciousness. It opens the door for our healing abilities to emerge.

William believes it will take healers into a new dimension where they discover that the human body is both the temple of God and the Holy City at the apex of myth. Properly interpreting these myths reveals the secret of God Making.


================

The Gift of the Nile...

The ancient Greek historian Herodotus called Egypt the “gift of the Nile.”




EM-HOTEP